Today I bring you another Ethiopian tale, this time another version of the Dormition narrative. If you are familiar with this story, you’ll see some of the same aspects in this text. This was originally published by my favorite 19th/20th century scholar, E. A. Wallis Budge. I find it truly amazing the amount of work that man put out in his lifetime. And like other texts of his, I hope to find a new audience for his work. To go along with my previous Budge texts, I will make slight moderations to the grammar, if need be, to make them a bit more modern in how they are presented. Not much tinkering, just something to make it read a little better for modern readers. No date range is mentioned for the source time frame of this text, but I suspect it probably originated around the time the other dormition narratives started to appear in history.
IN THE NAME OF THE FATHER, AND OF THE SON, AND OF THE HOLY GHOST, ONE GOD CHRIST, MY GOD AND MY HOPE ! AND MAY MY LADY MARY PRAY FOR ME. THIS IS THE HISTORY OF OUR HOLY AND PURE LADY MARY, THE MOTHER OF THE LIGHT, BY THE GRACE OF GOD MOTHER OF OUR LORD AND REDEEMER JESUS CHRIST, AND HOW HER DEPARTURE TOOK PLACE FROM THIS FLEETING WORLD TO THE EVERLASTING LIFE, WHICH PASSETH NOT AWAY AND IS NEVER DESTROYED. AND MAY HER PRAYER BE WITH OUR KING SO-AND-SO FOR EVER AND EVER. AMEN.
Our holy father John, who took her to him after the Ascension of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ into heaven, who discoursed on theology, who was one of the disciples of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ who preached the Gospel in all the world, told us that our holy and pure Lady never ceased to go to the grave of our Lord, and God, and Saviour, Jesus Christ, where she prayed and praised Christ. And then she went, according to her wont, and came here. And when Christ wished to remove her from this fleeting world, she stretched out her hands to her Son and God, and asked Him to take her soul from her. And Satan entered into some of the Jews who used to see her come continually to the grave, and make long prayers there, and because of this they went to the chief priests and told them everything which the holy woman, the Mother of our Lord, used to do, and thereupon the chief priests set watchmen over the grave, and they ordered them to prevent those who wished to go into the tomb to pray from doing so. And then the chief priests sent to the watchmen, and enquired of them concerning this thing. And these watchmen lied and swore that no one whatsoever had passed them and entered the tomb. Now our Lord Jesus Christ had blinded their eyes so that they could not see the holy and pure woman whilst she was praying, or when she came in or went out.
I. And in the three hundred and fifty-second year of Alexander (~a.d. 40), that is to say, two years after the Ascension of our Lord into heaven, on the 28th day of the month . . ., on the fourth day of the week, in the morning, the holy and pure Mary took fire and incense, and set out for the tomb in order to pray, according to her wont, in the tomb in Golgotha. Now she was in fear of the Jews. And having arrived she made an offering of incense at the mouth of the holy tomb, and according to her wont she praised and gave thanks unto Christ, saying, “O my Lord, Good Master, send and take me from this world which is full of sorrow and trouble.” And as she was praying straightway the heavens opened, and Gabriel the Archangel came down, and he did homage to her and gave her his message, saying, “ Rejoice, O full of grace, behold, thy prayer has ascended and has reached our Lord Jesus Christ Who was born of thee. And behold, God has heard thy prayer and thy petition wherein thou has stated thy desire to go forth from this fleeting world into the life which is for ever.” And when she had heard this word from the Angel she returned to Bethlehem. And straightway she gathered together the women and holy virgins who ministered unto her continually, and she said unto them, “Behold, since the Jews have set watchmen over the tomb, I am afraid lest my action be discovered by them, and lest they prevent me from coming there ” — and then she said in peace — “Now I am going to Bethlehem, and if there be any among you who wished to come with me let her do so.” And they answered and said unto her with one voice, “ We will all go with thee wheresoever thou goes, and we will not separate ourselves from thee all the days of our life.” And straightway she took them, and departed to Bethlehem, and dwelt there.
II. And on the eve of the Sabbath (Friday) she fell sick. And she answered and said unto those virgins who lived with her and ministered unto her, “Bring me a censer and incense, for I wish to pray” ; and they brought a censer and incense unto her, even as she had commanded them. And she put incense into the censer, and she prayed, saying, “My Lord and my God, Jesus Christ, Who did hold thine handmaiden worthy of Thine Incarnation from her, to sanctify men and to remove the sin of the world, hearken unto my prayer, and accept my petition in this hour. And bring unto me John Thy disciple, who preached Thy holy Gospel, so that I may rejoice in the sight of him. And likewise send Thou to me all Thy disciples — whereof some have fallen asleep, — so that I may see them and be blessed by them before I go out from this world. Thou art the God of the living and of the dead, and I believe that Thou wilt hearken unto my prayer and will grant me everything that I ask from Thee.” And Saint John said, “Behold, before her prayer was ended, a cloud of light snatched me away in the Holy Spirit from the country of Ephesus, and set me before Mary the holy and pure, and when I stood up before her I looked upon her, and I praised Christ our Lord and God. And I said unto her, Rejoice, O holy woman. Mother of Christ our Lord. And the Holy Spirit spake by my tongue, and I said unto her, Thou shalt go forth from this world in great glory, and Christ shall make manifest by thee many signs and wonders, so that His Name may be praised and glorified. And straightway the holy woman remembered that Christ said unto her at the time of the Crucifixion, “Woman, behold thy son,” and that He looked at him and said unto His disciple, “Behold thy mother.”
III. And when the women her companions heard these things they wept with a great weeping and bowed low to her. And then the pure woman said unto me, “Take a censer and incense, pray and say, My Lord and my God Jesus Christ, Thou doer of wonders innumerable, do Thou now make manifest Thy wonders on behalf of Thy Mother, and make her to go forth from this fleeting world with great glory, even as Thou did say unto her, that those who crucified Thee should fear and be dismayed, and believe in Thee.” And I did even as the Mother of Light and Mercy commanded me. Then she took the censer from my hand, and cast incense therein, and prayed, saying, “I praise Thee, 0 my Lord and God Jesus Christ; behold, Thou has given unto me according as Thou did say unto me. Behold now, receive me, and take me up into the heavens as soon as my spirit goes forth from my body. For Thou did say unto me, 'I will come unto thee with My angels to take thy soul.’ ” And then the Holy Spirit spoke by my mouth and I said unto her, “Christ, our God and thy Son, will perform thy desire according to what thou says, and thou shalt see Him with thine eyes.” And then she turned to me and said unto me, “O John, the Jews wish to burn my body in the fire after I am dead.” And I said unto her in the Holy Spirit, “Rejoice and be glad, for thy body shall see no corruption whatsoever, and shall suffer no harm.” And then she said unto me, “O John, cast incense into the censer, and pray in secret”; and I did even as she commanded me. And behold, a voice came from heaven, and I heard it saying, Amen. I John am a witness before Christ that I myself heard this voice from heaven. And the Holy Spirit said unto me, “O John, did thou hear this voice from heaven when thou did finish thy prayer? ” And I said unto Him, “ Yea.” And this voice which I heard said unto me, “Let the disciples thy brethren be gathered together, and come hither in this hour, and all the angels shall come.” And I prayed and made supplication for this, even as my Lady Mary, the Mother of the Light, commanded me.
IV. And then the Holy Spirit spoke, saying, “Let all the disciples come from the ends of the earth, riding upon clouds, to Bethlehem, for the sake of the Mother of Christ — thou, O Peter, from Rome, and thou, O Paul, from ’Abrakeya (Phrygia ?), and thou, O Thomas, from the interior of India, and James from Jerusalem, and Andrew, the brother of Peter, and Peter, and Luke.” And those who were asleep (i.e. dead) woke up in the Holy Spirit from their graves. And ye must not imagine that they thought the time for the resurrection of the dead had arrived, nay, they only woke up from their graves for the sake of Saint Mary, the Mother of the Light, to salute her and to pay honor unto her. Since the time of her translation to heaven had arrived, he came from Alexandria, together with the rest of the Apostles.
V. And at that moment the Holy Spirit gathered together all the Apostles, and they mounted upon clouds, and He brought them into Bethlehem, and spoke unto them, saying, “Behold, the Mother of your Lord wished to see you before her departure from this world.” And in like manner all the disciples were brought upon clouds, and they came with Peter and stood up before the Mother of our Lord Jesus Christ, and they made obeisance to her, and said unto her, “Rejoice, O holy Virgin, for our Lord and God Who was born of thee shall translate thee from this world with great glory, even as He said unto thee.” And when the holy woman saw the disciples and heard their words she remained upon her couch, and said unto them, “Now know I that your Teacher, and my God and your God will come to me, and that I shall see Him, even as I see you, and that afterwards 1 shall be translated from this world. But I desire you to tell me how it was that ye learned concerning my departure from this world, and how it is that ye are gathered together to me; my God would not hide this from me.” And Peter and all the disciples said unto her, “The Holy Spirit told us, and commanded us to come to thee.” And John said unto her, “While I was in the house of the sanctuary in Ephesus and about to offer up the offering, the Holy Spirit said unto me, 'Behold, the departure of the soul of the Mother of thy Lord from her body draws near. Get thee quickly to Bethlehem that thou may bid her farewell.’ And a cloud of light snatched me away and brought me into this place.” And Peter said unto her, “While I was in Rome, at dawn I heard the Holy Spirit saying unto me, Behold, the time of the departure of the Mother of thy Lord draws near. Get thee quickly to Bethlehem that thou may bid her farewell. And a cloud snatched me away between heaven and earth, and brought me here. And I saw all the disciples coming upon clouds, and I heard a voice, saying, ‘Get ye, all of you, to Bethlehem.’ ” And Paul said, “While I was very far away from Romya (Rome) in a remote place in the country of ’Abrakeya, I heard the Holy Spirit saying unto me, 'Behold, the Mother of our Lord Jesus Christ wishes to go forth from this world and to enter into the kingdom of the heavens. Get thee away that thou may bid her farewell.’ And a shining cloud carried me and brought me here.” And Mark said, “While I was in Alexandria, after I had finished the prayer of the third hour, behold, the Holy Spirit snatched me away and made me to mount upon a cloud, and it brought me to you.” James said, “While I was in Jerusalem the Holy Spirit spoke unto me in similar wise, and a cloud snatched me away and set me here.” And Matthew said, “I say that while I was in a ship, in great fear by reason of the great waves and billows of a violent sea, a cloud snatched me from among the billows and set me here.” And the disciples who had fallen asleep and had left this world described how they had heard a voice, and how they had woke up from their graves, and how they had been snatched away by clouds, and how they had come to them (i.e. to their fellows). And Bartholomew said, “While I was preaching and was in the city, the Holy Spirit said unto me, 'Behold, the Mother of thy Lord is about to depart from this world; get thee to Bethlehem.’ And a cloud snatched me away and brought me into this place.” And these things did these disciples say unto Mary, the holy and pure woman. At that time the Mother of our Lord Jesus Christ lifted up her voice, and said, “I worship, and praise, and give thanks unto Thy holy Name, O my Lord and God, because Thou has regarded the humility of Thine handmaiden, and has revealed unto me Thy wonders. O thou Mighty and Powerful One, Who can do all things, behold, from henceforth all generations shall call me blessed.”
VI. And when she had finished her prayer she said unto all the disciples, “Bring ye censers and incense, and make supplication unto my Lord and God, Jesus Christ, and do ye as He shall command you.” And as they were praying, they heard a terrifying sound from heaven like the noise of horsemen riding, together with hosts of angels, and archangels, and they also heard as it were the sounds of men. And the Seraphim surrounded the house wherein our Lady was with the disciples. And this miracle was seen by all those who were in Bethlehem, and those who were in the house of the sanctuary, and they described what they saw, and they heard the roar of the thunder and the noise of the chariots. And the sun and the moon appeared above that place, and many angels surrounded that place because of the majesty and glory of the holy and pure Mary. And they also saw very many signs and wonders, the blind received their sight, the lame walked, and the lepers were cleansed of their leprosy, and the devils went out of the demoniacs. And all those who were sick, or who were suffering from any kind of disease, drew near unto that house wherein was the holy and pure Mother of our Lord Jesus Christ, and were healed of their sicknesses. And all those sick folk who were suffering from every kind of disease, and who came to that house from Bethlehem, and the districts round about, and from the land of Judah, were two thousand eight hundred souls, and they cried out, saying, “O Mary, thou holy one of God, have compassion upon us.”
VII. And they were healed of their sicknesses at that moment. And when the people who were sitting in the house of the sanctuary heard this word, men and women went out from among them to be blessed by the holy and pure Mary, and they saw the signs and wonders which Christ wrought in Bethlehem through our Lady Mary, the Bearer of God. And all those who were sick or diseased came to the holy woman, and made supplication unto her, and were healed of their sicknesses; and there was great joy and gladness because of those who were healed of their sicknesses. And all those who were there gave thanks unto our Lord Jesus Christ and blessed Him, and praised the holy Virgin. And all the people of the house of the sanctuary went forth uttering cries of joy, and singing and praising Christ in Bethlehem.
VIII. And straightway the priests of the Jews were dismayed when they saw the great praise, and heard their cries of gladness, and their singing, and the rejoicings of the believers, and they were wroth because of this. And many men went out from Judah to Bethlehem that they might seize the disciples of Christ and His holy Mother. And it came to pass that, when they had marched for an hour, a mighty miracle appeared in respect of them on the road, for their eyes were darkened, and they were not able to see Bethlehem; and they turned back to their own city, and told the chief priests everything that had befallen them on the way, and how they were unable to march to Bethlehem. And when the chief priests heard this thing they were exceedingly wroth, and they went to the governor, and cried out, saying, “All the people of Judah are corrupted through Mary, and now we demand from thee that thou remove her from Bethlehem and from the house of the sanctuary.” And the governor marveled at this word and said unto them, “It is not for me to drive her out of Bethlehem.” And all the Jews cried out and swore by Caesar and said, “If thou does not expel Mary and the disciples from Bethlehem, behold, we will tell this thing to Caesar, and we will relate to him all thy behavior.” And straightway he was afraid of them, and he sent his officer, together with one thousand horsemen, and he commanded him to drive forth Mary and the disciples. And the Holy Spirit said unto the holy woman, the Mother of our Lord, and to the disciples, “Behold, an officer has been sent unto you, together with one thousand men, to drive you out of Bethlehem according to what the Jews have demanded. And now, get ye out, and fear not, for I will snatch you away on a cloud, and will bring you into the house of the sanctuary.” And straightway the disciples went forth, bearing the couch of the holy and pure Mary whereon she lay during her lifetime, and they were snatched away on a cloud, and it brought them to the house of the sanctuary as the Holy Spirit spoke unto them.
IX. And they tarried there five days praying to Christ and glorifying Him. And the officer who had been sent came to Bethlehem, and he found neither the holy woman nor any one of the disciples. And then he took the men of Bethlehem, and said unto them, “Are ye not those who came to the governor and to the chief priests, and did ye not tell them that signs and wonders had appeared? And did ye not say that the disciples were gathered together from the ends of the earth to Bethlehem? Where are they now? Come ye now to the governor and to the chief priests, and tell them how these things took place.” And the governor did not know of the coming of the disciples and the Mother of our Lord Jesus Christ unto the house of the sanctuary. And the officer took the men of Bethlehem and brought them with him to the governor, and he told him how he had not found any one of the disciples there.
X. And after five days the governor and the chief priests knew that the Mother of our Lord Jesus Christ was in her house, and that all the disciples were with her, and that many signs and wonders took place through her. And there were with her many men, and women, and virgins, and they cried out, saying, “O holy and pure Mother of our Lord Jesus Christ, forget thou not the children of men.” And because of this die great men among the Jews, and their governors, and their officers, together with all their people, were wroth. And then they rose up, and they took with them wood and fire, wishing to set on fire the house in which the Mother of our Lord Jesus Christ was, together with the disciples, and the angels and all the believers; and the governor stood afar off in order that he might see what would happen. And when the chief priests had come and certain of the Jews to the door of the courtyard, a great fire went forth with the angels from that place, and burned up many of the jews. And then a great fear came upon the men of the house of the sanctuary, and all those who dwelt in it among the Jews, together with their governors. And sorrow laid hold upon the adversaries of Christ, and they praised Christ our God, Who was born of the holy and pure Virgin Mary. And the governor cried out with a loud voice, saying, “Verily, O Mary, He Who is born of thee is the Son of God, and His Christ, before Whom we have quarreled, and we have driven Him out and cast Him forth from among us, for no one except the Son of God, and Him only, could do these signs and wonders.” And there was a great tumult among them, and very many of them believed on the Name of our Lord and Redeemer Jesus Christ.
XI. And then after this miracle concerning our Lady and the disciples had appeared, the Holy Spirit spoke, saying, “Now know ye that on the First Day of the week the Angel Gabriel announced to Saint Mary the glad tidings that Christ, the Word of God, should dwell upon her. And on the First Day of the week He was born in Bethlehem of Judah. And on the First Day of the week old men and young men and maidens went out to meet and welcome our Lord and Redeemer Jesus Christ, saying, 'Hosanna in the heights! Blessed is He Who comes in the Name of God.’ And on the First Day of the week our Lord rose from the dead. And on the First Day of the week He shall come on a cloud of heaven to judge the living and the dead. And on the First Day of the week He shall come, because of its majesty and glory, at the going forth of the soul of Saint Mary from this world.”
XII. And it came to pass that on the First Day of the week Mary said unto the disciples, “Throw incense into the censers, for my Lord Jesus Christ is coming to me with all His angels.” And while she was holding converse with them after they had burnt incense, behold, our Lord Jesus Christ came, together with His angels, seated upon the throne of His glory. And there appeared before Him angels innumerable, and moreover, there appeared a great light, and the holy woman was crowned with very great glory at the coming of her Son and her God, and all the powers of heaven worshipped her. And a Voice came to the holy woman, saying, “O Mary.” And she answered and said, “Here am I.” And again, the Voice said, “Rejoice and be glad, and let thy soul be glad because thou has found great grace with Me; see thou the glory and praise which My Father has given unto Me.” And straightway the Mother of our Lord saw a great light which man cannot describe, and then that Voice said unto her, “Henceforward thy body shall rest in the Garden (i.e. Paradise), and thy holy soul in the kingdom of the heavens, a habitation that is filled with grace, and where there are joy and gladness.” And our Lady Mary said, “ My Lord and my God, stretch out Thy hand over me and bless me.”
XIII. And then our Lord Jesus Christ stretched out His strong hand and blessed her, and the holy woman took His hand, and kissed it, and said, “I give thanks unto this right hand, and I glorify it because it has made strong the heavens, and ordered the earth firmly. I beseech Thee, O King, O Only Son, Who has made His handmaiden worthy to become incarnate of her by His wise Nature for the salvation of men, to hearken unto my prayer, and of Thy great mercy show favor unto me, and unto all those who shall make supplication unto Thee in the name of me, Thine handmaiden, and be kind and gracious unto them. And do Thou hearken unto their prayer and to their petition in respect of everything that they shall ask of Thee, for Thou art able to do everything.” And when the disciples heard this request of Saint Mary, they bowed themselves down to the ground on their faces at her feet, saying, “O Mother of our Lord and Redeemer Jesus Christ, leave thy holy blessing in this world wherefrom thou are going forth.” Then straightway the Mother of our Lord Jesus Christ prayed and said, “O God, Who in the abundance of His compassion and mercy was pleased to send His only Son into my body, and Who made me worthy that He should become incarnate of me, behold, from this time forth have compassion upon the work of Thy hands, and upon every soul that praises Thy Name.” And again she said, “ O Jesus Christ, the Son of God the most high, Who does whatsoever He pleases both in the heavens and in the earth, bless, O Lord, that place where a festival shall be celebrated in my name, and receive my prayer, and bless Thy people and Thy anointed ones who shall offer unto Thee sacrifices in my name.” And our Lord Jesus Christ answered and said unto her, “Behold, I have done this for thee, now and henceforth. Rejoice thou, for all grace has been and shall be given unto thee by Me, and by My Father, and by the Holy Spirit. And every one who shall observe thy commemoration and call upon thy name shall never perish in this world, but shall find grace with My Father Who is in heaven.”
XIV. And then our Lord Jesus Christ turned to Peter, and said unto him, “ Behold now, the time has come, but first I will read and sing the psalm.” And then Peter began to read and to sing with the angels. And at that moment a great light rose upon the face of the holy woman, and she lifted up her hands and blessed the disciples. And then our Lord Jesus Christ stretched out His holy hand and received her soul, and straightway her soul was separated from her body. And a great light filled that place, and there came forth a beautiful, sweet fragrance, the like of which existed not, and a voice came from heaven, saying, “Blessed art thou, O blessed Queen of women.” And then Peter and the disciples bowed down at the feet of the holy woman, and embraced them and were blessed by her. And they laid her upon a bier and the disciples carried her holy body to the tomb. And as they were carrying her a certain strong and mighty Jew, whose name was Taronya, rushed at them, and he laid hold upon the bier of the holy woman so that he might prevent them from carrying away her dead body. And straightway an angel came and smote him with a sword of fire, and cut off both his hands, and the bier was lifted up again with the two hands of the Jew suspended from it.
XV. And when the Jews saw this miracle which had taken place, they cried out and said, “Verily He was God Who was born of thee, O our Lady Mary.” And Taronya followed after the bier, and cried out and said, “O holy woman of God, Mary, woman undefiled, the Mother of Christ, turn thou to me and have mercy and compassion upon me.” And then Peter turned to him and said unto him, “In the Name of our Lord Jesus Christ, our God, Who was born of her, let the two hands which were cut off from him return to their former place.” And when Peter spoke thus his two hands came down from the bier, and they returned to their place while all the people were looking on. And at that moment Taronya and all the Jews who were there believed when they saw this miracle that had taken place. And then the disciples buried the body of Saint Mary in the village which is called “ Geteseman ” (Gethsemane), in a new sepulchre, and they glorified Christ, and they remained there three days.
XVI. And Thomas, one of the Twelve Disciples, whose name was “ Didmos ” (Didymus), was not with the disciples when the soul of our Lady Mart went forth from her body. And he came from India riding upon a cloud, and he saw the body of Saint Mary and angels carrying it along on a cloud and taking it up to heaven. And then when Thomas arrived Peter and all the disciples said unto him, “The body of Saint Mary has departed from this world; why did thou tarry in coming to her burial? ” And Thomas said, “The Mother of our Lord is not dead; unless I see her dead body I will not believe it.” And the disciples said unto him, “Behold, before this thou did say, ‘I will not believe that Christ is risen unless I can thrust my hand into His side, and my fingers into the nail marks,’ and in the abundance of the mercy of Christ He showed thee these things, and thou did cry out and say, 'My Lord and my God.’ ” And Thomas answered and said unto them, “I will not believe unless I see where ye have buried the body of the holy woman.” And straightway Peter rose up and all the disciples with him, and they showed him the grave, and they found nothing whatsoever in it. And Thomas answered and said unto them, “While I was preaching in the Name of Christ, and was baptizing Felodyds, the son of the king’s sister, the Holy Spirit said unto me suddenly, 'Rise up quickly, O Thomas, and salute the body of the holy woman, the Mother of thy Lord.’ And a cloud snatched me away from that place and brought me here, and while I was coming to you I saw in the clouds the body of the Mother of our Lord Jesus Christ, and the angels carrying it up into heaven.” And when the disciples heard the words of Thomas they glorified our Lord Jesus Christ.
XVII. And then when the disciples were gathered together twelve clouds came unto them and carried them away unto the Garden, to the place wherein was the body of Saint Mary, and they saw her with their eyes. And they also saw Elizabeth, the mother of John the Baptist, and Hanna (Anna), the mother of the holy woman Mary, and Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob, the holy fathers. And David the Prophet also was singing praises with the chosen ones and the righteous ones, and they worshipped the majesty of the body of Mary in the Garden, and they gave thanks unto Christ, Who was born of her, and they ascribed holiness unto Him, the greatness of Whose mercy and compassion cannot be reckoned; for there is no one who is able to describe the greatness of His glory and power. And then we the disciples glorified our Lord Jesus Christ, Who showed favor unto us and revealed unto us these miracles at the departure of the body of Saint Mary from this fleeting world to life everlasting, and to the gift of the grace which is imperishable. Behold now, we ask our Lord and God Jesus Christ, through the prayer of the holy woman, to protect us with His right hand, and to give us power and victory in this world, and in that other mercy and compassion. Let us then glorify every day and in every place the Only Son, Who was begotten of the Father before the world and was, moreover, born of Saint Mary in the later days, with the Father and the Holy Spirit, now, and for ever, and for ever. Amen.
Christ, my God and my hope, and my Lady Mary, who saveth me, pray for me for ever and for ever.
If you haven’t read the other dormition posts I put up, check them out here: Syrian Dormition, and the Book of Mary’s Repose (1, 2, 3).
Artwork is of traditional Ethiopian iconography
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Culmination of Wisdom 